Diplomatic writings 外 蕃 通 書: the oldest texts of Vietnam - Japan relations
Doan Le Giang
Diplomatic Writings 外 蕃 通 書 (also known as 外 蕃 書 翰, which lit- terally means “pappers and ink of diplomacy”) is a collection of diplomatic texts between Bakufu 幕 府 Tokugawa 徳 川 and the representatives of neibour- ing nations such as Korea,
Philippine, Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Those writings were exchanged
from the seventeenth to the
eighteenth century, during which the Edo period had reached its half and the Trinh and Nguyen families of Vietnam were fighting
against each other. The writings were collected
and edited by Kondo Juzo 近 藤 重 蔵 (also known as Kondo
Morishige 守 重)
(1771 – 1892), who was a scholar and vassal of Bakufu Tokugawa. Diplomatic
Writings consists of 27 volumes, including a volume for the content list.
Diplomatic writ- ings with Vietnam
are sorted in the section named “An Nam Nation Writings”
安 南 國 書. The
collection was composed from 1808 to
1819, presented in tradi- tional Chinese, ancient
Japanese, and Katakana
片 假 名. The “An Nam Nation
Writings” section consists
of writings from Bakufu
Tokugawa to Lord Nguyen in the
South of Vietnam and Lord Trinh in the North of Vietnam,
and vice versa,
dis- cussing diplomacy, commerce, and protections for
Japanese citizens commercing in Vietnam. This is the oldest writing
collection about Vietnam - Japan relations. This article introduces and
studies the section “An Nam Nation Writings” in Diplomatic Writings.
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On the problem
of translating literature of the Ly tran period
(part
i: theoretical aspects)
Frank Gerke
This theoretical part
of the paper describes the development and formation of translation studies from ancient times until now, taking the German school as an
example. In the beginning the translator always had to decide to translate be- tween
ad verbum (close to the meaning of the word)
or ad sensum (literally). In the later period under the influence of scientists
and philosophers such as Schlei- ermacher, von
Humboldt, Benjamin etc. cultural factors in translation were con- sidered
increasingly important and the literary translator not only needed to have
an understanding of language and translation theories,
but also had to understand the culture, history, society
as well as literary theory, comparative
literature, lin- guistics and translation
methods. Since then, translation studies have become a subject being taught in many
universities all over the world.
Keywords: translation, translation studies ,translation theory, literature, liter- ary
theory, linguistics, cultural studies.
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Some character types in
the novels of milan kundera (survey on
the novels the book of Laughter and Forgetting, the unbearable Lightness of being, immortality)
Duong Bao Linh
“The book of Laughter and Forgetting”,
“The Unbearable Lightness of Be- ing”,
“Immortality” mark the pinnacle of creation
of Milan Kundera.
The charac- ter types
developed in this trilogy are representing the world of characters in Kun-
dera’s novels. Characters blurred in appearance, miner characters and thoughtful
characters are the type of characters who express the organoleptic artistic
view on human beings in the work
of this famous author: the outside world is threatening
human beings, an sole psychological description is not the only way to develop
characters in a novel.
Keywords: Milan Kundera, characters, psychology.
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the playful
character in the nom poetry of
ho
xuan
huong
viewed through cultural and reflective aspects
Le Thi Hang
As being a striking poetic phenomenon in the latter Middle
Ages of Vietnam, recently Nom poet Ho Xuan Huong also has been explored
and evaluated from the game theory point
of view. This article
is the first step to study about
the val- ues of culture and reflection in the works in Nom by Ho Xuan Huong as an object
of study of the game theory. In there the cultural space of satirical, goofy
folk festivals and other
aspects that express
disbelief, relief of the central
element and the spirit of women rights are playful,
game-like values in the Nom poetry of Ho
Xuan Huong that need to be clarified.
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How was the monetary policy of the european central bank
(ECb) and the america federal reserve system (Fed) during the crisis
implemented?
Nguyen Tan Binh; Luu Duc Thinh
This article is concerned about three issues: First, how do
the central banks impact effectively to short-term interest rates. Second, how
do the central banks inform their decisions to economic organizations, institutions
and support them in creating
economic plans. And finally,
what did the central banks do to respond
to the last crisis shocks of financial markets.
Keywords: Monetary policy, monetary policy tools, The
European Central Bank, U.S. Federal Reserve Board.
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transformation of the economic development model in
some southeast asian countries after the global economic crisis: causes and
major orientation
Luu Ngoc Trinh; Nguyen Van Dan; Le Dang Minh
The following article will address the orientation of the transformation
of economic development models
in some Southeast Asian countries after
the glob- al economic crisis
in 2008, and the factors that influence domestic and foreign markets.
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The organization of b-learning to meet the basic requirements
for renovation and the renovation of the complete education and training system
after 2015
Tran Huy Hoang; Nguyen Kim Dao
b-Learning can be seen as an open educational system that can be applied and exploited widely
with its supporting tool, information technology, and
media together with
the direct guidance of the teacher. The
ability to exploit
and apply b-Learning in teaching depends
very much on the human
element and the material
basis of the
training facility.
Thus, b-Learning needs
further research
and should be widely applied
before a scientific process can
be outlined and
it can be suitable for Vietnam’s education system.
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Stress response of pre-school teachers in phu nhuan
District, hcm City
Trinh Viet Then; Mai Thi Nguyet Nga
This paper discusses the current
status of ability to cope with stress
by pre- school teachers in Phu Nhuan District, Ho
Chi Minh City. 312 preschool teachers of public, private and independent
preschools took part in the study. The results show that preschool teachers
choose 5 different ways of response when encoun- tering stress:
cope with stress in a “proactive” way, seeking support, avoiding, defuse tensions, cope with it in negative
way. To cope with stress in
a “proactive” way was the kind of response preschool teachers used the most. In
addition, the study also shows differences in
the level of each way of responses to
stress of pre-school teachers.
Keywords: stress of
preschool teachers; coping with stress; stress response of pre-school teachers
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Preparing childrens for
learning to read and to write: theory and
practical application
Mai Thi Nguyet Nga
Preparing children to
learn how to read and write properly will help children learn to read and
write successfully in elementary school. Studies from the 1960s to the 1980s have shown, preschool literacy development has been considered necessary to create
a foundation for learning how to read
and write. In Vietnam, there have been studies on the development of
preschool literacy skills. However, in practice, the implementation of preschool
literacy skills is not yet quite correct.
Teachers need to understand how
to coordinate in a reasonable way between the education of children in daily life, under natural
conditions, with a clear develop- ment of skills.
One of the basic skills here is the perception
of phonemes.
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Current situation in formation of early reading and writing
skills
of kindergarten children aged 5-6 in Ben Cat district, Binh
Duong province
Mai Thi Nguyet Nga; Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh
It is necessary
to develop early preschool
literacy for children 5-6 years of age.
This survey study on the early literacy development for 5-6 years old children at some preschools in Ben Cat District, Binh Duong Province shows: The preschool teachers often use different
instructional approaches for early
literacy develop- ment (except using visualization models to help children to clearly understand the phonetic
parts of a word). In reality, the main objective of the instruction
is still helping young children to recognize letters. Preschool teachers still do not apply meaningful literacy
activities that provide children to develop
their early literacy skills.
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Introduction
Bertrand Rusell; Minh Huy Dich
In the preface to
first edition of the book Critique of pure reason, Kant wrote: “Human reason has
this peculiar fate that in one species of its knowledge it is burdened
by questions which, as prescribed by the very nature of reason itself,
it is not able to ignore, but which, as transcending all its powers,
it is also not able to answer”. Since humans started thinking, they have always
reflected about which their awareness and intellect cannot answer. Throughout
the history of mankind, humans have struggled
to find out the answer for the things that they have always
thought about; however, when an answer
was found, a number of another ques- tions was raise which challenged humans’
knowledge and ability. And from there, philosophy was born.
In order to briefly
introduce about
the meaning of philosophy in humans’ lives, a problem which is interested by
a lot of people, I translate the final chapter The value of philosophy of the book Problems
of philosophy of Bertrand Russell
(1872- 1970), a British mathematician and philosopher. He supposed that the most im- portant meaning of philosophy
is liberate humans from their daily
needs; in other word, the freedom of
will.
Reading a book is like a conversation between an author and readers. I hope the readers will discuss with Russell about the problem that he talked about in his book.